SPENCEFv'IAN  ^ 
SHORTHAN 


lum 


THE  LIBRARY 

OF 

THE  UNIVERSITY 

OF  CALIFORNIA 

LOS  ANGELES 


V^ 


.V 


/ 


Spencerian  Shorthand 


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Reporting 


L  .    C.    S  P  ><'  N  C  E  R  ^^ 


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Copyrighted    1913 

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PREFACE 


Since  the  last  edition  of  this  little  book,  the 
Spenccrian  Quick  Writing  system  has  made 
enormous  progress,  not  only  with  professional 
stenographers  but  with  the  general  public. 

In  the  edition  preceding  the  present,  the 
author  was  content  to  state  as  simple  facts 
the  claims  of  the  system. 

So  stated,  they  appear  to  all  writers  of  other 
systems  extravagant  enough ! 
£         Yet  there  is  nothing  so  hard  as  a  fact. 
•*         Whether  in   the   material   world   or   in   the 
^     impalpable  realm  of  the  intellectual,  facts  are 
cc    equally  indestructible. 
Zj        Men  and  all  their  fallacies  die,  but  their  facts 

live  on. 
^  It  was  never  the  intent  of  the  inventor  and 
J,  developer  of  this  system,  laboring  single- 
g  mindedly,  with  one  great  goal  ahead  of  a  life's 
"*  ambition,  to  devise  merely  a  new  stenography, 
whose  excellencies  were  to  be  entered  in  a  race 
y  with  those  of  all  the  other  splendid  systems 
t     born  of  the  genius  of  man. 

t-        His  real  aim,  however,  and  whether  or  not 

he  had  attained  it,  he  preferred  at  that  time  to 

state  rather  as  detailed  facts  of  an  achievement. 

From  these  facts,  now  demonstrated  beyond 

question   or   cavil,    the   studioifs   mind   every- 


448302 


where  deduced  certain  unavoidable  and  incal- 
culably important  conclusions. 

1.  The  Spencerian  Quick  Writing  is  not 
phonography.  It  is  simplified  spelling,  written 
with  the  simplest  characters,  governed  by  the 
simplest  rules: 

2.  Its  aim  has  been  to  be  as  quick  as  speech 
and  as  legible  as  longhand,  and  that  aim  is 
achieved. 

3.  It  was  never  intended  for  the  exclusive 
use  of  the  professional  stenographer. 

4.  It  is  a  new  meth§d  of  writing,  by  which  all 
men,  instead  of  using  the  slow  longhand,  may 
write  each  other  as  swiftly  as  they  speak,  which 
speed  must  be  admitted  to  be  a  requisite  wnthoiit 
which  all  writing  is  deficient  and  inadequate. 

Such  a  writing,  to  be  accepted  and  to  come 
into  the  general  use  for  which  it  is  intended, 
must  be  so  simple  as  to  be  easily  mastered  by 
the  grown  person,  now  using  longhand,  as  well 
as  by  the  child  as  little  advanced  as  the  Third 
Grade  of  our  Public  Schools. 

The  summary  of  the  claims  made  in  the  pre- 
ceding edition  clearly  make  out  such  a  claim 
total  for  the  Spencerian  Quick  Writing.  Had 
these  claims,  or  any  of  them,  been  untrue,  they 
would  have  fallen  as  the  lie  always  does. 

A  wonderful  other  result  has  been  the  case. 
Multitudes  have  demonstrated  them  practi- 
cally. 

Children  have  so  forcibly  verified  them  that 
numerous  daily  and  weekly  newspapers  are 
presenting    tlie    ten    short,    simple   lessons    to 


meet  the  demand  and  for  the  benefit  of  their 
general  readers. 

Boldly  and  plainly  slated,  this  system  aims 
to  take  the  place  ultimately  of  longhand  among 
men  — for  the  reason  that  it  is  infinitely  simpler 
and  infinitely  swifter  than  longhand  and  abso- 
lutely as  legible. 

No  one  who  has  watched  a  pupil  or  a  class, 
from  the  initial  to  the  final  lesson,  can  doubt 
the  ease  with  which  it  is  learned,  the  speed 
with  which  it  is  written,  the  legibility  with 
which  it  is  read  or  that  —  whatever  the  delay 
in  the  process  of  evolution,  resulting  naturally 
from  conditions  —  Spencerian  Quick  Writing 
has  come  to  take  the  place  of  longhand  uni- 
versally among  men. 

No  one  knowing  the  utter  impossibility  of 
using  any  other  system  as  a  means  of  writing 
between  men  can  fail  to  understand  why  none 
of  these  systems  has  ever  made  any  pretense 
or  progress  in  this  wise;  and  why  the  Spence- 
rian Quick  Writing  stands  alone  in  aspiration 
and  accomplishment;  and  why,  affording  this 
vast  utility,  it  is  as  certain  of  universal  use 
as  were  the  typewriting  and  adding  machines, 
or  the  linotype. 

On  the  marvelous  progress  made  in  less  than 
a  year,  often  converting  the  most  stubborn, 
most  analytical  and  finest  experts  and  teachers 
of  shorthand  in  the  land,  and  that  by  the  force 
of  gravity  of  its  own  inherent  arguments 
(which  have  never  failed  where  they  have  had 
a  hearing  even  among  hostile  commercial  in- 
terests), is  based  the  certain  prediction  that  this 
system  is  destined  to  rule  in  every  college  and 


school  where  shorthand  is  taught  for  the  pro- 
fessional use  of  the  student;  and  that,  witn  the 
certain  growth  and  increase  of  its  well  founded 
fame,  some  state,  adopting  it  for  its  public 
schools,  will  demonstrate  to  the  world  a  gen- 
eration of  children  writing  to  each  other,  before 
the  close  of  the  first  session,  with  a  speed  of 
which  their  fathers  never  dreamed,  and  to  these 
parents  as  remarkable  as  the  telephone  would 
be  to  one  of  our  suddenly  resurrected  great- 
grandfathers. 

It  is  impossible  to  conceive  the  great  Ameri- 
can people  standing  still  in  the  universally  used 
art  of  writing  when  a  new  invention,  so  easily 
within  the  reach  of  all,  will  save  each  user  from 
five  to  twenty  times  the  time  he  now  consumes 
in  transferring  thought  from  his  brain  to  the 
paper  and  thence  to  some  one  else.  Such  an 
outcome  is  impossible  to  the  brain  of  normal 
A.merican  progress. 

L.  C.  Spencer. 


The  Alphabet 

of 

Spencerian  Shorthand 


FIRST  LESSON. 

DOWNWARD  AND    FORWARD  STROKES, 

b    d    f     g       k      1      m       n       r        s      ss       t      v    w    y-ly 

scs 

,..../..(....! ! ^.../r..^....>-^.,v p o....^..\.:^.,..,... 

sh  ing-ng  shun 
■  .■■^. ^ 4 

Vowel  position     '^.....„..r£<f...  ^ ..^,^ -^ 

1.  The  vowel  position  is  never  read  before 
a  character.  A  letter  placed  in  any  vowel  posi- 
tion is  read  first,  and  the  vowel  is  read  next, 
thus:  "N"  placed  in  the  "I"  position,  above 
the  line,  is  "NT,"  placed  on  the  line,  in  the  "  E" 
position,  is  "NE,"  written  through  the  >.ine, 
in  the  "A"  position,  is  "NA,"  etc. 

1 


SPENCERIAN    SHORTHAND. 


2.     Write  only  the  sounded  letters  in  a  word. 


''uy 
bi 

y 

..  says 
sas 

••••o... 

see 
*  se 

...p 

she 

<7r-. . 

may     . 

..._.. 

..  mow 
mo 

••— •• 

my 
mi 

...rrr.. 

show 
she 

ma 

a 

die 

( 

new 
nu 

view 
■"  vu 

\""' 

shy 
•shi 

o— 

di 

■^ 

fie 

) 

..  vie 

\ 

knee 

boy 

fi 

VI 

ne 

/ 

gay 
ga 

1 

...  tie 
ti 

..  rise 
'  ris 

^^  fully 
fuly 

y 

was 

...:>^.... 

nose 
nos 

•  •^^_p... 

nice 
■*  nis 

pdays 

das 

i- 

nicely  . 

...rrr:^, 

...  no- 
tion 

■^^.iy— 

..  sing 

/> 

sing- 

£? 

nisly 

ing 

3.  A  word-sign  is  a  character  that  stands  for 
the  word. 

4.  The  student  should  memorize  the  wora- 
signs  so  as  to  be  able  to  write  them  rapidly  and 
without  hesitation. 


PUNCTUATION. 

tekl  :.?  ^  H  --()[] " 


SPENCERIAN   SHORTHAND 


5.  WORD-SIGNS. 

I-the             ....,..-..pr..'....      satisfy-ed-action  ...^.c^.. 
actory 

if  ■' a-an-and  1 


of  ....''. give-gave-given 

will-well  (^.: have-half  ...."S..! 

dXt-  .^. in-any  .., "^^^ 

gentlemen  '., think-thank  .-^... 

gentleman  | such-shall-ship-ed    f, 

is-his  'P take-took-taken    ,.. 

as-has o ^ow  v-^. 

US-used-use-  before-belong  .  _^ 

ful  <? 

you-your  from-form  /... 

thing  f are-or-our  V. 


ness        .„...?r.. company 


SPENCERIAN    SHORTHAND. 


PHRASING. 

6.  The  word-signs  ."a-an-and,"  and  "I-the" 
should  be  made  very  short. 

7.  To  phrase  "and-a,  and-an,"  write  the  last 
tick  horizontally  to  the  left. 


and  I-thc    ...:.*: and  a .^. and  I  see  !:{,.. ..w.  ..„ 

the 

and  I  do and  a f. and     the  1^..,. 

>  fee  flqv 


the 


day 


you  and  I and  a j^ and  I  will 

and  the  t.  fake 


You  may  buy  the  roses  if  you  care  to  do  so. 
You  may  sec  us  in  four  or  five  days. 

V^ ^ —  ..^...>>r....^^ (^.M 

We  may  give  you  the  money  to  buy  the  roses, 

-.      i      _  y 


■\^-' 


See  letters   i   and   2.  Diclaliou  book,  for  practice  ic 
connection  with  this  lesson. 


SPENCERIAN    SHORTHAND.  5 

8  SECOND  LESSON 

Up  strokes    p        q        sq       ch         j       \vh. 

....^.^ d'.  .cTT. o^ <>^ C.^_ 

Strokes  made  up  or  down 
Ik  h  th  u  ing-ng  shun. 

...<^...rr'r^,/....,<^.^..<^ 0..9y.)^. <<?. rT.frr.f. f  vyf.i.. 

Forward  and  downward  strokes 
ace  i  o       z      X     tw-dw, 

/S. . . . . ^O* /?....    "vr, .j.^. Trt.  ... 9r~. .....<?        r=r',  ) 

The  "SH"  character  is  used  only  at  the 
beginning  of  words  or  when  standing  alone. 

When  "  Y-LY"  will  not  make  a  good  joining 
with  the  preceding  character  strike  it  hori- 
zontally to  the  "right  or  left." 

"C"  is  seldom  used  unless  as  an  initial. 

A  proper  name  is  indicated  by  placing  the 
ditto  marks  (")  directly  underneath  it. 

When  standing  alone  "H"  is  written  with 
the  open  end  down;  when  connected  with  other 
characters,  it  may  be  written  up  or  down. 

"GH"  is  written  down  after  "B,  F,  M,"  and 
"W." 

"B"  is  made  up  at  the  beginning  when 
followed  by  "Q." 

"L"  is  always  written  up  when  standing 
alone;  when  joined  to  other  characters  it  may 
be  written  up  or  down. 

"U"  is  always  understood  after  "O." 


/?.. 


V 


6  SPENCERIAN   SHORTHAND. 

9.  A  dot  jjlaced  before  a  character  expresses 
the  long  sound  of  the  position  vowel ;  after  it,  the 
other  sounds.    This  is  seldom  if  ever  necessary. 

law     ^ Fay     j pale     _>'      ,sigh  ....°. 

lay      ....  y^. bane  7^  -.gay       \ he 

paw    jy/ joy      .pan     _/r-rf...  nook 

pay     ..  ^ chew  weigh  ..--^^ M  ke  ..'~^.. 

my         -;77 fetch..,.] neigh  ^_^..     lake  ^7 

nigh       -^ leach /:^pug  pike  .  -^. 

P^8      ...n<^....  beach 7...  dutch      -       shake  .,,—.... 

page         A       batch        j  ,  ditch   -■■  notch  ^^^^ 

cake    ,^^f..,   pone  hole  -^  squeak      ^ 

10.  WORD-SIGNS. 

how-hope  ...    beyond  ^. 

/ 

disappoint-ed-      ■• yet  •^- 

ment  ■» 

defend-ed-ant    > i  develop-ed-        ( 

ment 


subiect-ed-tion  


SPENCERIAN   SHORTHAND. 


11. 

week 

wish 

to 

money 

teach 

toy 

row 

sail 

ocean 

make 


.rv:^.nag 
.!^....  touch. 


>T'- 


size     .*-^...joke 

sizes  ^ ^    foe 


.coKe 


..^. 


J^  woke  fang 


yoke /  .  chew- 


yell     y^    quick  ^. 


..;^ load 

beak 

..rrr^.-fully 

..^...foUy 

.     she 

....^....shy 

...rT?.....bake  ...J^ lag      ,....^  .  hack 

.,r~^-  lea       ..<^- squaw .y^....  leak 

FIGURES. 


y 


yale    , ^..whig  .^,.. 

miU        - 


mo- 
tion 


..<7...... 


$15-50.  $5-  $500-  $5,000.  $500,000,  $5,000,- 
000,  5%. 


.-/<? 


b 


See  letters  x  and  4,  Dictation  book,  for  practice  in  con- 
nection with  this  lesson. 


M 


S  oPENCERIAN   SHORTHAND. 

THIRD  LESSON 

12.  "vSS"  is  usually  pronounced  "vSES," 
"SEZ,"  "SIS,"  "ZES,"  etc.,  and  is  written 
and  read  in  the  same  manner  as  "S." 

13.  When  attached  to  curves  "S"  is  written 
on  the  inside  of  the  curve;  this  is  called  the 
CIRCLE  SIDE  of  curves. 


zealous <J^ same  .,. 


racing     S^ wishing 7^. 


races 


sailing 


serious 


spice 


this 


n 


seems 


mass- 
ing 

suffice 


<r~^.. 


roses 


nee 


^ 


snow- 
ing          XL^- 


was     - ^■•— < 

days  4 

fees     ^ 


^ 


14.  When  "S"  preceeds  "A"  or  "E,"  it  is 
expressed  by  making  the  CIRCLE  on  the  re- 
verse side  of  those  characters,  omitting  the  hook. 

A         s\  E        SE     There    are    but    few 

words  that  make  the 
—•■S  ..  ....A / F use  of   these  charac- 
ters necessary. 
^                       sauce  seance 

'  <K     ~" ' c> - 


SPENCERIAN    SHORTHAND.  9 

l5.  On  Straight  Strokes  "S"  is  written  in  the 
direction  opposite  to  the  movement  of  the 
hands  of  the  clock.  This  is  called  the  CIRCLE 
SIDE  on  straight  strokes,  the  side  opposite 
to  this  is  called  the  RE  VERSE   SIDE. 


vase     v. suit-   , sickly  

ing  "^ 

shies    'tTT!^.....      shoes case    .^ 

ties      TZ^. twice    ° sacks    .^ 

16.     Between  strokes  forming  an  angle,   "S" 
is  written  on  the  outside  of  the  angle. 


cast      .^>-r- ques ^.. cask     ,^.. 

tion 


tussle  -^ nicer    "~rS-...    Jessie 


^ 


17.     Between   REVERSE   CURVES   "S"   is 
written  on  the  back  of  the  first  curve. 

•a.^--    wiser      ^^ Messrs. """"'w}" 


Mason ^-^'^■^ 

dismiss miserly 


WORD-SIGNS 
18. 


extra         which     

except      *^ each       i/- 

accept      c=» much      


10         SPENCERIAN  SHORTHAND. 

most      .^ lisp         ^....    list         


west      7?>-:t..  ..   lesser     .^. lost         ■■■■^ 

whist     ^^^.....   must  best       ...o^. 


sighing post       «:j4."'-    mist 


keys      f^.. cost       .^.......    rest       S^rrr... 

twist     r:-:. chosen  .^^..     test ■r'.-.... 

20.  Writing  frequently  occurring  words  in 
the  "U"  position  indicates  that  "YOU"  or 
"YOUR"   follows  them. 


do  you  of-if  you         

(  ) 

and  you  to  you  -_■ 

21.  The  word-signs,  "extra,"  "in-any;"  "I- 
the;"  "a-an-and;"  and  the  syllables  "mis," 
"dis,"  "re,"  "be,"  and  "de,"  may  be  written  in 
any  position. 

extra-     .^r^r:?. incase  ."rT' remiss /^TrfTT?!.... 

nice  " 

dispose  ../^ extra      ....^^. demise  _^. 

space 

See  letter  5,  Dictation  book,  for  practice  in  connection 
with  this  lesson. 


SPENCERIAN    SHORTHAND. 


n 


FOURTH  LESSON 

RULE   L 

22.  A  small  hook  at  the  beginning  on  the 
inside  of  curved  strokes  is  "A"  or  "E."  A 
large  initial  hook  is  "O"  or  "U." 

23.  Vowel  hooks  are  always  read  first,  and  then 
the  character  to  which  they  are  attached. 

24.  Words  that  do  not  require  position  are 
written  on  the  line. 


ape 


aims 


^ 


up 


U. 


arrest    Sa^     arise 


Vi) 


abase     o arose 

away     .rs. Eula 


answer 


on 


.^<- Amos      .  .^. 

S-^<^      ally      '^.. 


aimless  rr^^-  Anna 


efface 


■> 


25.  These  hooks  are  also  employed  on  straight 
strokes;  on  the  CIRCLE  SIDE  of  "T"  and 
on  the  RE  VERSE  SIDE  of  the  others. 

at       ...^.,.«ttt: attest "H-'Vr. eaves    N". 


action /... 

...I. 


ages 


oak 


eat 


.7. 


ago 


oates 


C_o 


la  SPENCERIAN    SHORTHAND. 

26.  A  small  backward  hook  made  at  the 
Ijcginning  of  a  character  before  "S"  is  "A" 
or  "E"  and  a  large  hook  is  "O"  or  "U", 


assign    assure      


assume osage '^ assump- 

"^  tion 


27.  A  loop  at  the  end  of  a  character  on  the 
circle  side  of  curves  and  on  either  side  of  straight 
strokes  is  "TY"  or  "DY." 


Sunday  . 

5U£3 

.    beauty 

duty 

o' 

^ 

Katie     .. 

•■••/ 

Hattie 

^ 

ready    •. 

.w... 

28.  The  word-signs  "a-an-and"  may  also  be  em- 
ployed to  express  an  intermediate  or  final  "A" 
or     E. 

Papa     -■■■j^^- area      Si. banana 

29.  WORD-SIGNS. 

acknowledge-     p wondcr-fuldy  ^ 

ed-ment  ^ 


then-than        c^ until-ultimo-      ^ , 

malum 

them  .^~. object-ed-tion 

divulge-ed-ence \ obscrve-ed- 


7 


tion  J 

tliey  -—        advantage-ous  C/f 

See  letters  6  and  7,  Dictation  book  for  practice  in  con- 
nection with  this  lesson. 


SPENCERIAN    SHORTHAND.  13 

FIFTH  LESSON 

RULE   IL 

30.     A  small  hook  at  the  end  on  the  CIRCLE 
SIDE  of  all  strokes  is  " F"  or  "  V." 

pave  ^  living     CT^. quaff  ^^ 


stave  «?-» leaving      .../rTT. taffy  — * 

live        lively     paving       •  _^ 

love     y<.  level        <^- puffing- -y 

PHRASING. 

3L     The   "F"   or   "V"   hook   in   phrasing   is 
,     ujp  M  <.Qp  M  .'HAVE"  or  "FAVOR." 

I  have  -J  if  you  will  have   

you  have   you  have  a  ^ 


you  have  you  may  have       ,^ 

the  '^ 

32.  A  large  hook  at  the  end  on  the  CIRCLE 
SIDE  of  curved  strokes  and  on  either  side  of 
straight  strokes  is  "P"  or  "B." 

tap      D cap       ^ gap ^ 

raD  Vo  ^'^P  ^ '^-'^P '^ 

top  _J> wrap     J^ tip  rrrt* 


14  SPENCERIAN   SHORTHAND. 

tapping      .-.u^ napping     . -n^- slapping 

■  •T?. leaping    -j.  /^-....tipping 


type 


shape 


_5 


*~3. 


shop 


■a^ map 


PHRASING. 

33.     The  "P"   or  "B"   hook  in  phrasing  is 
*'BE,"  "BEEN,"  or  "HOPE." 

to  be  j^ may  be  ..-^.tt-.  . 


we  hope  you  will   T\^^. have  you  been 

they  have  ■•• •■ you  may  be 

he  may  be  r7-^..., you  will  be 


WORD-SIGNS. 


34. 


difficult-ty  J* .Y... govern-or-ed-ment. 


I    •• 


repiiblic-an  ^ lo.  establish-ed-  o^.. 

represent-ed '  ment 

public-publish-ed diploma-cy-tic       ' 


duplicate-ed-tion 


6 


Practice  letters  8  and  9  in  Dictation  book  in  connection 
with  this  lesson. 


SP-iNCERIAN    SHORTHAND.  IS 

SIXTH  LESSON 
RULE  ni. 


35.  Make  any  character  double  length  to  add 
"  N,"  "  M,"  or  "  L."  Make  any  character  half 
length  to  add  "T."  "D,"  or  "TH." 

came    .y^..      him         » night    ^ 


cat       / hit  , ^. lighted %. 


when    -.» ■^- twenty   A quote 


wheat  <<' Monday could    

"B"  and  "P,"  if  preceded  by  any  other 
character,  may  be  written  up  or  down.  "P" 
may  be  written  down  at  the  beginning  before 
"M"and  "W." 

readable •"—V*"^.-   movable     ■...^i^:.^^^-   heated   ....t^ < 

tele ■r...-...rrr..  penman-   frrrr^..    place      .....^^.. < 

phone  ship 


passable.... ;^,^-^....  peaceable .^..rrrrT. come      ... 

hold        •••••>» stable       ftr.**/....  pleased  ....^■■■^■ 

field         -..Jr.. that  — « still         ^^^^^ 


resolv-    \mJ what         -•■*' while     


able 


16  SPENCERIAN    SHORTHAND. 

36.  The  character  "Q"  should  he  made  with 
a  large  hook,  as  shown  in  the  alphabet,  and 
when  "AQ"  or  "EQ"  is  required,  write  the 
hook  very  small. 


quality   ..—  ■y^ quail  ,.....^^..... 


quit 


equality. ...•••>^""-         equal ./^.. acquit 


37.  Should  it  become  necessary  to  make  a 
distinction  between  "N,"  "M,"  or  "L"  in 
words  of  one  syllable,  or  proper  names,  the 
"N,"  "M,"  and  "L"  strokes  should  be  used; 
lengthening  for  "L"  only  when  the  "L" 
coalesces  with  the  stroke,  thus: 

place,  pales,  glass,  gales,  please,  scales,  clan,  blames,  gleam. 
Mann,  Benson,  Bill,  Bly. 


^/ 


.^.^..|...^^....-:r^A..,.,^-^..l-••••'^^ 


38.  In  the  halving  principle:  To  make  a  dis- 
tinction in  common  words  of  one  or  two 
syllables,  or  in  proper  names,  use  the  "D"  and 
"TH"  strokes. 

let,    pat,     lead,    lot,     path.      Wright    Madden     Matthew 
^ ^ -^ -^ ^-<^ > -rr.  -r/l^ 


SPENCERIAN    SHORTHAND.  1" 

PHRASING. 

39.     Make  any  character  double  length  to  add 
"WILL,"  "WELL,"  or  "ALL." 


>>. nfnillho  ..  >.. 


wc  will  be  >^- of  all  the 

by  all  means  ...r1Z7!Ty! which  will  have 


who  will  do  the  ...      they  will  have  to 


11      ...^.. 


they  will  have  been  ..rrrrrf^.....       he  will  do  we 
WORD-SIGNS. 

immediate-ly      ^^ notwithstanding       -^raj^--- 

jxftain-ly-ty        , ^ advisc-cd-advice     .!?..^c 

advertisc-cd-  , ?, into 

meat  *^    "* 

glad-ly              I /..       monthly  


Practice  letters  lo,  il,  12,  Dictation  book,  in  connection 
with  this  lesson. 


i8  SPENCERIAN    SHOkTHAND. 

SEVENTH  LESSON 

RULE   IV. 

40.  A  small  hook  at  the  end  on  the  reverse 
side  of  all  strokes  is  "G"  or  "J."  When  a 
half  length  stroke  is  followed  by  a  hook  the 
"T,"  "D,"  or  "TH"  is  generally  read  after  the 
hook.     "G"  hook  closed  is  "GS". 


gages     J lag         /^■•^ 

stage     «>-> judge     ~ 

wagon  .-:-.^^^..    mugs     ^- ■• 

vaguely N^ judging — •• 


log 

-y^- •• 

cage 

•v^- 

wages 

••••"\ - 

twip 

J. 

4L  The  "G"  hook  in  phrasing  is  "GIVE," 
"GAVE,  or  "GIVEN."  When  closed  the 
"G"  hook  is  "GIVE  US"  or  "GAVE  US." 


I  gave  you        "^ you  gave  the     

I  gave  the        ^ ,  I  gave  to  the    ^ 

to  give  you I  gave  in  to  you ^^ 

we  gave  you     .T^^ and  give  us       f. 

wemaygiveyou r\— «k......  we  give  to  the  ^N 


"ti 


SPENCERIAN    SHORTHAND.  X9 

42.  "PARTY,"  "DEPARTMENT,"  "SO- 
CIETY," "EXPRESS,"  "OLOGY,"  etc.,  are 
expressed  by  writing  "P"  for  "PARTY,"  "D" 
for  "DEPARTMENT,"  "S"  for  "vSOCIETY," 
"  K' "  for  "  EXPRESS  "  and  "  L  "  for  "  OLOGY," 
through  the  preceding  character. 

43.  Words  that  are  repeated  as,  from  day  to 
day,  night  after  night,  day  by  day,  etc.,  are 
written  close  together,  as  shown  in  the  illustra- 
tion. 

lace  department      ....^/^ fishing  party  ^- 

suit  department     ■■' to  express  ■/^■•■•■~ 

Republican  party ^.        you  may  express    v^ 

my  society              ..••: my  department  ^  ...... 

fast  express  J-/       shoe  department    -j- 

theology  (jC.....    etymology  '  ^  >  ■ 

physiology  *^ from  day  to  day      ((^ 

day  after  day         A  day  by  day  // 

Letter.1  for  practice  i,^,  14  and  15. 


aO  SPENCERIAN    SHORTHAND. 

EIGHTH  LESSON 
RULE   V. 

44.  "K"  may  express  "CON,"  "COM," 
"CUM,"  and  "COUN,"  and  may  be  written 
in  any  position. 

45.  "SM"  at  the  beginning  of  an  outline  may 
express  "CIRCU-M." 

46.  Use  "I"  for  "IM"  or  "ILL,"  and  "N," 
for  "IN"  or  "UN." 


convey  <^^- 

contain  ..-Z^.,^. 


communicn 


circumstance        a — >— ^ 

noncommittal    -^v^^ 

discontent 


k 


constancy        ...^ 
contempt         ....■^, 


mapose 


.^. 


convict 


compel 


connect 


^ 


/ 


unseen 
circulaticu 

./r. 

^J> 

immune 
condemn 
commence 
impassible 

ounsel 

y^ 

mmense 

......^^ 

SPENCERIAN   SHORTHAND. 

conduce  condition 

combine compulsion 

countenance  ...4r. ?..  incision 

compose  •rp continue 

impel  ....2<^ contention 

implicit  "^^ consist 

imagine  <^^^ confuse 

uncertain        .....^rr^. intense 

imbecile  ...,«?-. illusion 

impossible      o^^-.-  command 

impute  commend 

compute         consequence 

immunity       immodest 

imposition      ^.....  illadvised 

Practice  letter  17  in  Dictation  book. 


21 


L^ 


t 


j^.. 


^^ 


■^ 


SPENCERIAN    SHORTHAND. 

NINTH  LESSON 
RULE   VL 

47.  Shade  any  character  but  the  circle  to 
add  "R."  "Z"  may  be  shaded  to  distinguish 
it  from  "S." 

48.  The  indicated  "R"  may  be  read  either 
before  or  after  the  position  vowel.  "Y" 
shaded  is  "YR,"  or  "RY." 


break 


attraction 


•  •-•  ^ transfer 

^ 


more 


liar 

incomprehensi- 
bility 

49. 

ever-every-very 


r 


fisher 


rare 


~1 


\ 


irresistibility 


WORD-SIGNS. 
.\ favor 


\ 


50.  If  necessary  to  make  the  word  absolute 
in  words  of  one  syllable,  or  in  proper  names, 
shade  for  "R"  only  when  the  indicated  "R" 
coalesces  with  the  stroke;  if  the  vowel  inter- 
venes, use  the  "R"  stroke  thus: 

tree  tear  bray  bar  crow  core  Brann  Parker  Witherspoon 
^^     J ^ _^.^^. 


SPENCERIAN    SHORTHAND.  23 


PHRASING. 

£1.  In  phrasing,  the  words  "ARE,"  "OR," 
"OUR,"  and  the  syllable  "RE,"  are  added 
by  shading  the  character. 

52.  Lengthening  a  shaded  character  adds 
"IN"  or  "THAN.  "THAN"  is  also  repre- 
sented by  the  letter  "N." 

we  are  3 we  are  in  receipt X* 

of  your  favor 

we  are  in  ^ ^  they  are  '^^- 


more  than  .^...^...  we  are  in  receipt  v^ 

of  your  letter 

to  our  ..iiii,. we  are  of  your  \y<..^^ 

opinion 

by  return  mail ..by  our  

under  separate  ^ .be  it  more  or  less        ^-~^... 

cover 


t 


53.  The  character  "  U,"  when  preceded  by  any 
other  character,  may  be  used  for  cither  "O  " 
or  "U." 

Leo     tomorrow     Irio      tobacco 
^ ^.^ -^ .^... 


:\: 


24 


SPENCERIAN    SHORTHAND. 


54.  When  "N,"  "M,"  or  "L"  is  followed  by 
"T,"  "D,"  or  "TH,"  use  the  halvinj-  instead 
of  the  lengthening  principle,  when  possible,  thus: 

land        filled        mould        scold        wild        told 


55.     "TO,"  "IT,"  or  "NOT,"  may  be  repre- 
sented, by  the  halving  principle. 

After  the  first  syllable,  half  length  "M," 
r>,  U,  Lr,  L,  V,  etc.,  may  express 
"MNT,"  "BNT,"  "DNT,"  "GNT,"  "LNT," 
"VNT,"  etc.  When  "M"  will  not  make  a 
good  joining  for  "MNT,"  use  half  length  "N." 
Shaded  "TY-DY"  is  "TRY"  or  "DRY." 


incident 


--^ 


laundry 


payment       | 
relent  .>. 

sundry 


inducement 


«^ 


management   ,-^^ 

resentment      ..S*<^i<.  •j 


movement 


implement 


compliment 


raiment 


^^y^ 


may  it  -not      --^ 
do  it  -not  -.»• 

do  not  do  it 

did  not 


r 


pagent 


,^. 


be  it 


SPENCERIAN    SHORTHAND. 


2S 


56.  "  K  "  made  half  length  and  shaded  may  ex- 
press "CONTRA,"  "CONTRE,"  "CONTRI," 
"CONTRO,"  "COUNTER,"  and  may  be 
written  in  the  position  of  the  following  syllable. 


countermine       ..l. countermand 


contradict  ••• controversy       ..-.A^- 

countei balance  .^^^TP..  contribute  ....-/ 

57,--  **N"  made  half  length  and  shaded  ex- 
- -presses  "INTRA,"  "INTRE,"  "INTRI," 
"INTRO,"  "INTRU,"  "INTER,"  and  may 
be  written  in  the  position  of  the  following 
syllable. 

58.     A  tick  struck  diagonally  across  a  character 
indicates  an  abbreviation. 


interest  ....sffrr-. ......  Missouri 

introduce  Mississippi 

interspect  s*<^ Minnesota 


international 


Wisconsin     _^. 


interstate  .. ..»»- ,  New  York 


intercede  „...*< California     .^^y^.. 

Practice  the  follo'wing  phrases,  and  letters  18,  ly,  20 
and  21  in  Dictation  book  before  reviewing. 


SPENCERIAN    SHORTHAND. 

PHRASING. 

There  are  certain  words,  or  combinations, 
which  are  leaders,  so  to  speak,  and  to  these  may 
be  joined  various  other  words  making  a  most 
easily  executed  outline. 

We  give  below  a  list  of  some  of  the  most 
commonly  used  words  in  ordinary  business 
affairs.  These  words  and  combinations  should 
be  so  thoroughly  practiced  by  the  student  that 
there  will  be  no  hesitancy  in  applying  them. 

I  am  .:f^...^....  will  you  _ 

I  am  not  will  you  have  /"  /^ 

you  may  ..,^^...,_^.  will  you  have  the     , 

^rou  may  have)  will  you  have  your    /^  /^ 

you  may  have      ^....y^;,^ niay  you  _ 

the  ™^y  you  have  ' —  "^ 

you  may  have  a  v*j "   "^^X  7°^  ^^^'^  ^^^    ■  

may  you  have  your    "^  "'^ 

you  may  have       -v^ "^^Y  7°^  ^^^e  a        

your  ^"d  ^hat  you  "">    "^ 

are  you  - ^'^^  ^^^^  yo^  "^^X    

are  you  of  ^^     ^^d  that  you  are         ""^   ^ 

are  you  of  the      -. -    and  that  you 

are  you  of  a  V,  ^   may  have  vt-a 

are  you  of  the      and  that  you 

same  Vrtf^  may  have  the  "'''■"*■ 

do  you  2nd  that  you  may 

do  you  have  (    L     have  your  "^"^ 

do  you  have  a      - if  you  

do  you  have  the    C    6-     if  you  have  )     3 


SPENCERIAN    SHORTHAND.  i 

by  our  -  -^. I  gave  -»  -».      , 

to  you  I  gave  the  "^ 

it  will  .l'.X.. 1  gave  to  the  _    ^ 

it  will  have 

it  will  be  .O....^.. Jl  nave  been  in        o— --^''^^^ 

you  can  Ithe 

it  will  be  ...Cs^ and  have  been  in    k>.^ 

necessary  if  you  j 

you  can  have        -.,^^^...-  if  you  will  ^ 

you  can  have  the  if  you  will  have      v^  \^ 

you  can  give        .  .^/^^^^^^..../and  you  have  y>_^  u 

you  can  give  the-  ^been  in  the  \,^  /, 

you  can  give  us     v/v-v>c::^'f  I  ^"i  elected        ^^^~^  ^ 
you  may  give  in  it  iiuist  be  ^*~j>-^ 

at  what  time  of    ....<^-i/T-r^....  in  reply  will  say    v_>/''^^'^ 
the  day  that  I  am  not 

Awe  will  bej  ^^^^^^rl!^...   I  have  not  heard   _-*t>— ^ 

U)leased      /  anything  ~ 

to  have  your         y- everything  on  V<-    ._ 

order  ^         the  subject  _y' 

to  give  a  material  element  ,,..^/^ 

to  give  the 

you  have  no 
to  give  your  rights  in  the 

to  give  us  "~^      °     matter  ^'^"^^-ic-^ 

will  you  send  it  and  gave  your 

at  once  ^-g<i     ^  letter 

let  us  hear  from   ...cf^^.„..l^  am  of  the  -«^~a?. > ^  \     A 

you  {opinion  .—  .:X.y^rz..    \^     j 


lii 


if  it 

of  it 

if  it  is 

of  its 

for  it 

for  it 

is 

for  it 

is 

to 

the 

for  it 

is 

to 

your 

.  'r 

SPENCERIAN    SHORTHAND.^ 

y I  have  not  seen 

thern 

^ I  have  not  seen  a 


and  is 
and  see 


if  it  will 

if  it  will  have 

if  it  will  be 
if  it  will  do  the 

for  it  will 

for  it  will  have 


"7 ^ 


and  say 
and  so 

and  use 
and  see  the 

and  is  the 
and  say  the 

and  so  the 
and  use  the 


for  it  will  do  the  ._^..^. and  is  a 


from  you 

from  our 
in  our 

in  your 
by  our 

by  your 
to  our 

to  your 
no  our 

and  have  not  seen 
I  have  not  seen 


J 


■fa b 


b 
d- 


J 


and  see  a 

and  use  a 
you  have 

you  have  been 
you  have  been  in 

you  gave 
you  gave  the 

you  gave  your 
you  gave  a 

is  his 
see  his-us 


■^ > 

o     O 


I  have  not  seen 
your 


as  lias 
so  his 


■G 


O" 


SPENC  RIAN    SHORTHAND. 

in  all  , .rrr::^.*~t7rt*      it  is  for  you            ...^.- 

in  all  things  ' 

in  all  such  ."T— ^  belter  than  Z^^       ^ 

things  more  than 

[in  all  cases  ...t-^J^....  ^  more  or  less           — /^— ^i 

to  all  \  more  of  your 

to  all  things         ^ ^-..       about  the  matter  .     

to  all  such  "^ 

by  all  .■r^~^ in  case  you  have   .^~i 

by  all  means 

on  all  ..      / by  the  time  you    ^ 

of  all  have 

of  all  things  .-^ '   by  the  time  you  ^      - 

in  all  his  I  give  us 

from  time  ...ZZ^. as  soon  as  you         Q  si^ 

to  time  have  time 

from  year  to  .». as  soon  as  you       Q..s^y^ 

year  can  have 

from  city  ?-^ as  soon  as  you  Qji/^ 

to  city  can  give  us 

^  regard  to  the    ..;>|_^..V._ it  is  impossible        '^jt^ 

matter  ' 

your  own  .     /in  receipt  of  ^:t~''~^. 

my  own  ^^               V  your  letter 

it  is  your  own      ,_.....^^ in  response  to      >-S* — 

your 

nevertheless  ^— A/"*^^*"^         know  of  no             v_>_b ' 

\  have  not  reason 


^ 


■)v 


T  SPENCERIAN    SHORTHAND. 

QUESTIONS  ON  SPENCERIAN 
SHORTHAND 

1.  Write  all  the  characters  from  memory. 

2.  (a)'  When  is  the  position  vowel  read? 
(b)  What  is  a  word  sign? 

3.  What   is    said    about    the    use    of    the 
"Y-LY"  character?     "C"?     "Sh"? 

4.  What  is  said  about  the  sound  of  "U" 
after  "Q"? 

5.  How  indicate  proper  names? 

6.  What    is    said    about    the    direction    of 
"Ch"?     "H"?     "L"? 

,"^.    How  may  the  long  sound  of  a  vowel  be 
distinguished  from  its  other  sounds? 

8.  Where  should  a  word  be  written  when  no 
position  is  needed  ? 

9.  What   is   meant    by    phrasing?     Which 
word  of__a_fihrase_takes  the  position? 

10.  What  does  the  shading  of  a  character 
add? 

11.  Which  is  read  first,  position  vowel  or  the 
indicated  "R"? 

12.  What  sounds  may  shaded  "Y"  be  used 
for? 

13.  Explain    when    this    shading    principle 
should  not  be  used. 

14.  What  words  may  be  added  by  shading 
a  character? 

15.  How  should  the  word-signs,  "I-the"  and 
"a-and-an"  be  made? 


•\\ 


SPENCERIAN    SHORTHAND,  vi 

1 6.  How  distinguish  "and-an"  from  "and- 
I"  and  "and- the"? 

17.  How  should  circles  be  joined  to  curve 
characters? 

^  18.    How  write  "S"  before  "A"  or  "E"? 

19.  What  sounds  is  the  large  circle  used  for? 

20.  How  should  circles  be  written  to  straight 
characters? 

/-  21.    How  should  circles  be  written  between 
straight  characters  in  the  same  direction? 

22.  How  should  circles  be  written  between 
reverse  curves? 

23.  Which  of  the  word-signs  and  syllables  do 
not  take  their  own  position  at  the  beginning  of 
a  phrase? 

^^  24.  Explain  value  and  use  of  "U"  position 
in  phrasing. 

25.  What  sounds  may  be  added  by  double 
lengthening  a  character? 

26.  Explain  the  value  of  double  lengthening 
in  phrasing. 

^  27.  When  should  lengthening  principle  not 
be  employed? 

28.  What  sounds  may  be  added  by  halving? 

29.  Explain  where  it  might  not  be  advisable 
to  use  this  princiole, 

^  30.  When  either  doubling  or  halving  could 
be  used  to  write  a  word,  which  should  be  chosen? 
Why? 

31.  What  words  may  be  added  by  the  halv- 
ing principle? 


44S302 


vil  SPENCERIAN   SHORTHAND. 

32.  Explain   a   further   use   of   the   halving; 
principle. 

33.  When  may  "  N  "  be  substituted  for  "M"? 

34.  Write   from    memory    all    the    syllables 
mentioned  in  Lesson  5. 

35.  How  indicate  an  abbreviation? 

36.  Explain  and  illustrate  the  "F"  or  "V" 
and  "P"  or  "B"  hooks. 

37.  What  is  said  about  the  direction  of  "P" 
and  "B"? 

38.  What  words  may  be  expressed  by  "F" 
or  "V"  and"P"  or  "B"  hooks? 

39.  Explain  and  illustrate  the  "G"  or  "J" 
hooks. 

1.0.    How  may  "S"  be  indicated  after  "G" 
hook? 

41.  What  is  the  usual  order  of  reading  a  half 
length  followed  by  a  hook? 

42.  What  words  may  be  expressed  by  the 
"G"  or  "J"  hook?        ..  n 

43.  How    write    "Party,."     "Department," 
"Society,"  "Ex^i-ess,"  "ology"? 

44.  Explain  use  of  small  loop  at  end  of  word. 

45.  How  may  words  that  are  repeated  be 
written? 

46.  Explain  and  illustrate  all  vowel  hooks  on 
both  curved  and  straight  characters. . 

^  47.   How  in(ltca^e'^'A^''"or  "E"  before. "O"? 
48.    How  indicate  the  vowel  before  "S"  at 
the  beginning  of  a  character? 


SPENCERIAN    SHORTHAND.  VMl 

49.  How  express  an  intermediate  or  final 
>V,\"  or  "E"? 

50.  For  what  may  the  character  "U"  be 
used,  if  preceded  by  any  other  stroke? 

The  above  questions  embrace  almost  every- 
thing that  could  possibly  be  asked  in  giving  an 
examination  in  Spencerian  Shorthand.  They 
are  so  thoroughly  and  systematically  arranged, 
we  use  them  even  at  the  expense  of  giving  Mr. 
D.  L.  Hodson,  of  Chicago,  credit  for  their 
authorship. 


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